completely literal miss the very nature of the apocalyptic genre, yet to take it as entirely symbolic misses the mark as well. In Jewish apocalyptic literature the two aspects are blended and interdependent, and each symbol must guide us as it functions in its context. For example, no one doubts that the seven heads and ten horns of the beast is symbolic, and it is in fact interpreted as such in Revelation 17:9–14. The seal, trumpet, and bowl judgments are not so easily interpreted: The Egyptian
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